Faatasi ai ma le faaleleia pea o le gafatia o le faamamaina o le lalolagi atoa, o le faateleina o tulaga faatonuina o oloa suauu, ma le faateleina pea o le manaoga mo mea mata o vailaau, o le faaaogaina o mea e faaleleia ai le suauu ua i ai i se aga tuputupu ae mautu. O le tuputupu ae sili ona vave i totonu o tamaoaiga fou ma atunuu tau atiae.
Ona o le eseese o mea mata, oloa ma fausaga o masini o fale gaosimea taitasi, mo le faʻaaogaina o mea faʻapitoa e sili atu ona faʻatatauina e maua ai le oloa poʻo mea mata o vailaʻau, o le filifiliga o mea faʻapitoa e sili atu le fetuʻunaʻi poʻo le filifilia e mafai ona foia ai faʻafitauli autu o fale gaosimea eseese ma masini eseese.
I tausaga talu ai nei, i Asia Pasefika, Aferika ma Sasaʻe Tutotonu, o le aofaʻi o le faʻaaogaina ma le fua faatatau o le tuputupu aʻe o mea faʻatupu faʻalavelave uma, e aofia ai le faʻamamaina, polymerization, chemical synthesis, ma isi mea, ua maualuga atu nai lo itulagi tau atinaʻe i Europa ma le Iunaite Setete.
I le lumanaʻi, o le faʻalauteleina o le hydrogenation o le penisini o le a sili ona tele, sosoo ai ma le hydrogenation o le middle distillate, FCC, isomerization, hydrocracking, naphtha hydrogenation, heavy oil (residual oil) hydrogenation, alkylation (superposition), reforming, ma isi, ma o le manaʻoga o le catalyst talafeagai o le a faʻateleina foʻi.
Peita'i, ona o le eseesega o ta'amilosaga fa'aaogā o mea fa'aola eseese o le fa'amamaina o le suāuu, e le mafai ona fa'ateleina le aofa'i o mea fa'aola o le fa'amamaina o le suāuu pe a fa'alauteleina le gafatia. E tusa ai ma fuainumera o fa'atauga i maketi, o le tele o fa'atauga o mea fa'aola o le hydrogenation (hydrotreating ma le hydrocracking, e 46% o le aofa'i), sosoo ai ma mea fa'aola o le FCC (40%), sosoo ai ma mea fa'aola o le reforming (8%), mea fa'aola o le alkylation (5%) ma isi (1%).
O vaega autū ia o mea fa'atupu fa'alavelave mai le tele o kamupani lauiloa fa'avaomalo:
10 kamupani gaosi mea fa'atekonolosi lauiloa faavaomalo
1. Grace Davison, ISA
Na faavaeina le Grace Corporation i le 1854 ma o lona ofisa autu i Columbia, Maryland. O Grace Davidson o le taʻitaʻi i le lalolagi i suʻesuʻega ma le gaosiga o mea faʻatekonolosi a le FCC ma o le kamupani sili ona tele i le lalolagi e tuʻuina atu mea faʻatekonolosi a le FCC ma le hydrogenation.
E lua vaega fa'apisinisi fa'avaomalo a le kamupani, o Grace Davison ma Grace Specialty Chemicals, ma vaega oloa e valu. O pisinisi a Grace Davidson e aofia ai mea fa'atekonolosi a le FCC, mea fa'atekonolosi hydrotreating, mea fa'atekonolosi fa'apitoa e aofia ai mea fa'atekonolosi polyolefin ma mea e feavea'i ai mea fa'atekonolosi, ma mea fa'ainisinia e fa'avae i le silicon po'o le silical-aluminium mo vali fa'asalalauga numera i luga o pepa fa'apisinisi, pepa fa'atau, ma pepa lolomi inkjet. O le pisinisi mea fa'atekonolosi hydrotreating e fa'atinoina e le ART, o se kamupani fa'atasi.
2, Albemarle American specialty chemicals (ALbemarle) Group
I le 1887, na faavaeina ai le Kamupani Pepa Arbel i Richmond, Virginia.
I le 2004, na faʻatauina ai le pisinisi o le Akzo-Nobel Oil refining catalyst, ma ulufale aloaia i le matata o le faʻamamaina o le suauʻu, ma faʻatuina ai le iunite pisinisi o le catalyst ma polyolefin catalysts; Avea ma le kamupani gaosi catalyst lona lua sili ona tele a le FCC i le lalolagi.
I le taimi nei, e silia ma le 20 fale gaosi oloa ua i ai i Amerika i Matu, Europa, Sasaʻe Tutotonu, Amerika i Saute, Iapani ma Saina.
E 8 nofoaga autu o suʻesuʻega ma atinaʻe a Arpels i atunuu e 5 ma ofisa faʻatau i atunuu e silia ma le 40. O le kamupani gaosi oloa sili ona tele i le lalolagi o mea e taofia ai le afi mai le brominated, e aofia ai mea e faʻaaogaina i aso uma, mea faʻaeletoronika, vailaʻau, oloa faʻatoʻaga, alamanuia o taʻavale, mea faufale ma mea e afifiina.
O le pisinisi autū e aofia ai fa'aopoopoga polymer, catalysts ma le kemisi lelei vaega e tolu.
E fa ituaiga autū o mea fa'aopoopo polymer: mea e taofia ai le afi, mea e tete'e i le antioxidants, mea e fa'amalolo ai ma mea e fa'amautu ai;
E tolu vaega o le pisinisi o le Catalyst: refining catalyst, polyolefin catalyst, chemical catalyst;
Fa'atulagaga o Pisinisi o Kemikolo Lelei: vaila'au aoga (vali, alumina), vaila'au lelei (vaila'au bromine, vaila'au suau'u) ma vaila'au fa'asolo (vaila'au fa'afoma'i, vaila'au e tineia ai iniseti).
I totonu o vaega pisinisi e tolu a le kamupani Alpels, o tupe maua faaletausaga o faʻaopoopoga polymer sa sili ona tele, sosoo ai ma catalysts, ma o tupe maua faaletausaga o vailaʻau lelei sa sili ona itiiti, ae i le lua tausaga ua tuanaʻi, o tupe maua faaletausaga o le pisinisi catalyst ua faasolosolo malie ona faateleina, ma talu mai le 2008, ua sili atu nai lo le pisinisi faʻaopoopoga polymer.
O le pisinisi Catalyst o le vaega autū lea o pisinisi a Arpell. O Arpels o le kamupani lona lua sili ona tele i le lalolagi e tuʻuina atu ai hydrotreating catalysts (30% o le sea o le maketi i le lalolagi atoa) ma o se tasi o kamupani e tolu pito i luga e tuʻuina atu catalytic cracking catalyst i le lalolagi.
3. Dow Chemicals
O le Dow Chemical o se kamupani vailaʻau eseese e iai lona ofisa autu i Michigan, ISA, na faavaeina i le 1897 e Herbert Henry Dow. E 214 nofoaga gaosi oloa e faʻagaoioia i atunuu e 37, ma e silia ma le 5,000 ituaiga oloa, e faʻaaogaina lautele i le silia ma le 10 vaega e pei o taʻavale, mea fau fale, eletise, ma vailaʻau. I le 2009, na maua ai e Dow le tulaga 127 i le Fortune Global 500 ma le tulaga 34 i le Fortune National 500. I tulaga o aseta uma, o le kamupani vailaʻau lona lua sili ona tele i le lalolagi, lona lua i le DuPont Chemical o le Iunaite Setete; I tulaga o tupe maua faaletausaga, o le kamupani vailaʻau lona lua sili ona tele i le lalolagi, pe a uma le BASF a Siamani; E silia ma le 46,000 tagata faigaluega i le lalolagi atoa; Ua vaevaeina i ni vaega pisinisi e 7 e tusa ai ma le ituaiga oloa: Functional Plastics, Functional Chemicals, Agricultural Sciences, Plastics, Basic Chemicals, Hydrocarbons and Energy, Venture Capital. O le pisinisi Catalysts o se vaega o le vaega Functional Chemicals.
O mea fa'agaoioi a le Dow e aofia ai: NORMAX™ carbonyl synthesis catalyst; METEOR™ catalyst mo le ethylene oxide/ethylene glycol; SHAC™ ma le SHAC™ ADT polypropylene catalysts; DOWEX™ QCAT™ bisphenol A catalyst; O le kamupani gaosi oloa sili lea i le lalolagi mo mea fa'agaoioi polypropylene.
4. ExxonMobil
O le Exxonmobil o le kamupani suauʻu aupito tele i le lalolagi, o lona ofisa autu i Texas, ISA. O le kamupani, sa taʻua muamua o Exxon Corporation ma Mobil Corporation, na tuufaatasia ma toe faatulagaina ia Novema 30, 1999. O le kamupani foi o le kamupani matua o ExxonMobil, Mobil ma Esso i le lalolagi atoa.
Na faavaeina i le 1882, o Exxon o le kamupani suauu aupito tele i le Iunaite Setete ma o se tasi o kamupani suauu e fitu aupito tele ma aupito leva i le lalolagi. Na faavaeina i le 1882, o le Mobil Corporation o se kamupani faavaomalo atoatoa e tuufaatasia le suʻesuʻeina ma le atinaʻeina, faamamaina ma le alamanuia o penisini.
O le ofisa autū o Exxon ma Mobil i luga o le ea i Houston, o le ofisa autū i lalo o le ea i Fairfax, ma le ofisa autū o kamupani i Irving, Texas. E 70% o le kamupani e umia e Exxon ae 30% e umia e Mobil. O le Exxonmobil, e ala i ana pa'aga, o lo'o fa'agaoioia nei i le pe tusa ma le 200 atunu'u ma teritori i le lalolagi atoa ma e silia ma le 80,000 tagata faigaluega.
O oloa autū a Exxonmobil e aofia ai le suāuu ma le kesi, oloa suāuu ma oloa petrochemical, o le gaosi olefins monomer ma le polyolefin aupito tele i le lalolagi, e aofia ai le ethylene, propylene, polyethylene, polypropylene; O le pisinisi catalysts e umia e ExxonMobil Chemical. Ua vaevaeina Exxonmobil Chemical i vaega pisinisi e fa: polymers, polymer films, oloa vailaʻau ma tekonolosi, ma o catalysts e aofia i le vaega tekonolosi.
O le UNIVATION, o se pisinisi soofaatasi 50-50 i le va o ExxonMobil ma Dow Chemical Company, e umia le tekinolosi gaosiga o le polyethylene UNIPOL™ ma le polyolefin catalysts ua fa'ailogaina o le UCAT™ ma le XCAT™.
5. Kamupani Oloa Suau'u a le UOP Global
Na faavaeina i le 1914 ma o lona ofisa autu i Desprine, Illinois, o le Global Oil Products o se kamupani faavaomalo. I le aso 30 o Novema, 2005, na avea ai le UOP ma lala e umia atoa e Honeywell o se vaega o le pisinisi fa'ata'atitia a Honeywell o le Specialty Materials.
E valu vaega o loʻo faʻagaoioia le UOP: malosiaga faʻafouina ma vailaʻau, adsorbents, oloa faʻapitoa ma oloa faʻapitoa, faʻamamāina o le suauʻu, Aromatics ma mea e maua mai ai, linear alkyl benzene ma olefins faʻapitoa, olefins mama ma meafaigaluega, faʻagasologa o le kesi masani, ma auaunaga.
E tuʻuina atu e le UOP le mamanu, inisinia, auaunaga faufautua, laisene ma auaunaga, tekinolosi faʻagasologa ma le gaosiga o mea faʻatupu faʻalavelave, sieves molecular, adsorbents ma meafaigaluega faʻapitoa mo le faʻamamaina o le suauʻu, alamanuia o petrochemical ma le kesi masani, faʻatasi ai ma laisene tekonolosi e 65 o loʻo avanoa.
O le UOP o le kamupani tu'uina atu tele o le zeolite ma le alumini phosphate zeolite i le lalolagi, e silia ma le 150 oloa zeolite mo le fa'amamago, ave'esea o mea leaga ma le vaevaeina o oloa mai le kesi fa'amama ma mea vai. O le gafatia gaosiga fa'aletausaga o le molecular sieve e o'o atu i le 70,000 tone. I le matata o molecular sieve adsorbents, e 70% o le sea maketi a le lalolagi e umia e le UOP.
O le UOP fo'i o le kamupani gaosi alumina aupito tele i le lalolagi, fa'atasi ai ma oloa e aofia ai le pseudo-alumina, beta-alumina, gamma-alumina ma le α-alumina, e maua ai le alumina ua fa'agaoioia ma le alumini/silica-aluminum spherical carriers.
E silia ma le 9,000 pateni a le UOP i le lalolagi atoa ma ua toetoe lava 4,000 masini ua fausia e faʻaaoga ai ana pateni i atunuu e silia ma le 80. O le onosefulu pasene o le penisini a le lalolagi e gaosia e faʻaaoga ai le tekinolosi a le UOP. E toetoe lava o le afa o vailaʻau faʻamamā pala i le lalolagi e gaosia e faʻaaoga ai le tekinolosi a le UOP. Mai faiga faʻamamā tetele e 36 o loʻo faʻaaogaina nei i le alamanuia o le suauʻu, e 31 na atiaʻe e le UOP. I le taimi nei, e gaosia e le UOP pe tusa ma le 100 oloa eseese o le catalyst ma le adsorbent mo ana tekinolosi laiseneina ma isi kamupani, ia e faʻaaogaina i vaega faʻamamā e pei o le reforming, isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrofining ma le oxidative desulphurization, faʻapea foʻi ma vaega o le petrochemical e aofia ai le gaosiga o aromatics (benzene, toluene ma le xylene), propylene, butene, ethylbenzene, styrene, isopropylbenzene ma le cyclohexane.
O mea fa'agaoioi autū a le UOP e aofia ai: mea fa'agaoioi toe fa'afouina o le catalytic, mea fa'agaoioi isomerization C4, mea fa'agaoioi isomerization C5 ma le C6, mea fa'agaoioi isomerization xylene, o le mea fa'agaoioi hydrocracking e lua ituaiga o le hydrocracking ma le hydrocracking mild, hydrotreating catalyst, mea fa'agaoioi desulfurization oil, mea fa'aola sulfur, liua o le kesi si'usi'u ma isi mea e fa'asusu ai le suau'u.
6, ART Amerika kamupani tekinolosi fa'amamāina fa'aonaponei
Na faavaeina le Advanced Refining Technologies i le 2001 o se pisinisi soofaatasi 50-50 i le va o Chevron Oil Products ma Grace-Davidson. Na faavaeina le ART e tuufaatasia malosiaga faatekinolosi o Grace ma Chevron e atiae ma faatau atu ai mea e gaosia ai le hydrogenation i le alamanuia faamamaina i le lalolagi atoa, ma o le kamupani gaosi mea e gaosia ai le hydrogenation sili ona tele i le lalolagi, e sapalaiina ai le silia ma le 50% o mea e gaosia ai le hydrogenation i le lalolagi.
E fesoʻotaʻi e le ART ana oloa ma auaunaga e ala i matagaluega faʻatau ma ofisa o le Grace Corporation ma le Chevron Corporation i le lalolagi atoa.
E fa fale gaosi mea fa'aola a le ART ma le tasi le nofoaga autu mo su'esu'ega o mea fa'aola. E gaosia e le ART mea fa'aola mo le hydrocracking, mild hydrocracking, isomerization dewaxing, isomerization reforming ma le hydrofining.
O mea fa'agaoioi autū e aofia ai le Isocracking® mo le isomerization, Isofinishing® mo le isomerization, hydrocracking, hydrocracking mild, hydrofining, hydrotreating, residual hydrotreating.
7. Univation Inc
O le Univation, na faavaeina i le 1997 ma o lona ofisa autu i Houston, Texas, o se pisinisi soofaatasi 50:50 i le va o le ExxonMobil Chemical Company ma le Dow Chemical Company.
E fa'apitoa le Univation i le fesiitaiga o tekinolosi polyethylene fumed UNIPOL™ ma catalysts, ma o le kamupani sili ona ta'uta'ua i le lalolagi i le laiseneina o tekinolosi ma le fa'atau atu o catalysts mo le alamanuia polyethylene. O le kamupani gaosi oloa ma le fa'atau atu o catalysts polyethylene lona lua i le lalolagi, e aofia ai le 30% o le maketi i le lalolagi atoa. O catalysts a le kamupani e gaosia i ona fale gaosi oloa i Mont Belvieu, Seadrift ma Freeport i Texas.
O le faagasologa o le gaosiga o le polyethylene a Univation, ua lauiloa o le UNIPOL™, ua silia ma le 100 laina gaosiga o le polyethylene o loʻo faʻagaoioia pe o loʻo fausiaina e faʻaaoga ai le UNIPOL™ i atunuu e 25, e silia ma le 25% o le aofaʻi atoa o le lalolagi.
O mea fa'atupu fa'alavelave autū o: 1) UCAT™ chromium catalyst ma le Ziegler-Natta catalyst; 2) XCAT™ metallocene catalyst, igoa tau fefa'ataua'iga EXXPOL; 3) PRODIGY™ Bimodal Catalyst; 4) UT™ deaeration catalyst.
8. BASF
O le ofisa autu o le BASF o loʻo i Munich, Siamani, o se tasi o kamupani vailaʻau tuʻufaʻatasia sili ona tele i le lalolagi ma e silia ma le 8,000 oloa, e aofia ai vailaʻau faʻaopoopo taua, palasitika, vali, ufiufi taʻavale, vailaʻau e puipuia ai laʻau, vailaʻau, vailaʻau lelei, suauʻu ma kesi.
O Basf o le kamupani gaosi oloa sili ona tele i le lalolagi o le maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, aniline, caprolactam ma le foamed styrene. O le Polypropylene, polystyrene, hydroxyl alcohol ma isi oloa e tulaga lua i le lalolagi; o le Ethylbenzene, styrene e mafai ona gaosia e le kamupani e tulaga tolu i le lalolagi. O Basf o se tasi o kamupani gaosi oloa sili ona tele i le lalolagi o mea faaopoopo i meaʻai, e aofia ai mono-vitamins, multivitamins, carotenoids, lysines, enzymes ma mea e puipuia ai meaʻai.
E ono vaega pisinisi eseese a le Basf: Kemikolo, Palasitika, Fofo Fa'atino, Oloa Fa'atino, Kemikolo Fa'ato'aga ma le Suau'u ma le Kasa.
O le Basf o le pau lea o le kamupani i le lalolagi e aofia ai le pisinisi atoa o le catalyst, faatasi ai ma le silia ma le 200 ituaiga o catalysts. E aofia ai le tele o mea nei: catalyst o le fa'amamaina o le suāuu (FCC catalyst), catalyst o ta'avale, catalyst o vaila'au (catalyst o le apamemea chromium ma le catalyst o le ruthenium, ma isi), catalyst o le puipuiga o le siosiomaga, catalyst o le oxidation dehydrogenation ma le catalyst o le fa'amamaina o le dehydrogenation.
O Basf o le kamupani gaosi oloa lona lua sili ona tele i le lalolagi o mea fa'atekonolosi a le FCC, fa'atasi ai ma le tusa ma le 12% o le sea maketi a le lalolagi mo le fa'amamaina o mea fa'atekonolosi.
9. Kamupani Suau'u Peretania a le BP
O le BP o se tasi o kamupani suauʻu faʻavaomalo sili ona tele i le lalolagi e tuʻufaʻatasia i luga ma lalo o le sami, o loʻo i Lonetona, Peretania lona ofisa autu; O le pisinisi a le kamupani e aofia ai le silia ma le 100 atunuu ma itulagi, e aofia ai le suʻesuʻeina ma le gaosiga o le suauʻu ma le kesi, faʻamamaina ma le maketiina, malosiaga faʻafouina e tolu vaega autu; Ua vaevaeina le BP i ni vaega pisinisi se tolu: Suʻesuʻega ma le Gaosiga o le Suauʻu ma le Kesi, Faʻamamaina ma le Maketiina, ma isi pisinisi (malosiaga faʻafouina ma le Gataifale). O le pisinisi a le BP i mea faʻatupu faʻalavelave o se vaega o le Vaega Faʻamamaina ma le Maketiina.
E lua vaega o oloa fa'a-petrokemika, o le vaega muamua o oloa fa'asologa o le aromatic ma le acetic acid, e aofia ai le PTA, PX ma le acetic acid; O le vaega lona lua o olefins ma a latou mea e maua mai ai, e aofia ai le ethylene, propylene ma oloa e maua mai ai i lalo ifo. O le PTA a le BP (o le mea mata autu mo le gaosiga o le polyester), PX (o le mea mata autu mo le gaosiga o le PTA) ma le gafatia o le gaosiga o le acetic acid e tulaga muamua i le lalolagi. Ua atiae e le BP se tekinolosi fa'apitoa mo le gaosiga o le PX e fa'avae i luga o lana lava isomerization catalyst fa'apitoa ma le tekinolosi fa'a-crystallization lelei. O lo'o i ai i le BP se tekinolosi pateni ta'imua mo le gaosiga o le Cativa® acetic acid.
O le pisinisi a le BP o olefins ma isi mea e maua mai ai e faʻavae i luga o le eleele e tele lava ina i Saina ma Malasia.
10, Kamupani Kemikolo Siamani i Saute Sud-Chemie
Na faavaeina i le 1857, o le Southern Chemical Company o se kamupani faavaomalo e sili ona fou ma e silia ma le 150 tausaga o lona talafaasolopito, ma o lona ofisa autu o loo i Munich, Siamani.
E umia tuusa'o pe lē tuusa'o fo'i e le Nanfang Chemical Company se aofa'i o kamupani laiti e 77, e aofia ai kamupani i totonu o le atunu'u e 5 i Siamani, ma kamupani mai fafo e 72, e aofia i vaega e lua o le adsorbent ma le catalyst, e aofia ai petrochemical, gaosiga o mea'ai, oloa fa'atau, fa'apala, togafitiga vai, puipuiga o le siosiomaga ma isi alamanuia e tu'uina atu ai oloa ma fofo o le catalyst maualuga, adsorbent ma fa'aopoopoga.
O le pisinisi o le catalyst a le Nanfang Chemical Company e patino i le Vaega o le Catalyst. O le vaega e aofia ai le Catalyst Technology, Energy ma le Environment.
Ua vaevaeina le vaega o Tekonolosi Catalyst i ni vaega fa'apisinisi fa'alelalolagi e fa: catalysts o tali fa'akemikolo, catalysts o petrochemical, catalysts o le fa'amamaina o le suāuu ma catalysts o le polymerization.
O ituaiga o mea fa'aola o le Nanfang Chemical e aofia ai: mea fa'aola fa'amamāina o mea mata, mea fa'aola petromea fa'atekonolosi fa'akemikolo, ...amamāina suau'u, mea fa'atekonolosi fa'apolymerization olefin, mea fa'atekonolosi fa'amamāina o le ea, mea fa'atekonolosi sela suau'u.
Manatua: I le taimi nei, ua fa'atauina e Clariant le Southern Chemical Company (SUD-Chemie)!
Taimi na lafoina ai: Aokuso-17-2023
